8th BRICS SUMMIT & OUTCOMES

8th BRICS SUMMIT, GOA, INDIA

Group of 5 powerful nations under the name of BRICS concluded their 8th summit in Goa, India. The summit was held form 15 to 16 October 2016 under the theme of "Building Responsive, Inclusive and Collective Solutions". Number of agreements were signed during the summit and the summit concluded with the adaptation of Goa declaration. 

Goa declaration is a joint declaration accepted by all BRICS nations. It is a declaration of 20 pages comprises of 100 different matters over which all BRICS nations agreed. Some important points of the Goa declaration are -

i)  BRICS nations condemns terrorism in all its forms and nation agreed to adopt CCIT which stands for Comprehensive Convection on International Terrorism. CCIT is a concept given by India in  1996. CCIT helps in setting up a legal framework for taking action against terrorism, no nations will be able to help terrorist organisations and nations sponsoring terrorism. BRICS nations has appealed to the world and UN for adopting the CCIT.

ii)  Nations also agreed to increase their trade upto 500 billion dollars ie. almost 33 lakh 40 thousand crore .

iii)  Nations welcomed the adoption of 2030 agenda for sustainable development and its sustainable development goals given during the UN summit on Sustainable Development

iv)  Members are concerned about the situation in middle east and North Africa and supported all efforts carried out under international laws for finding the settlement of the crises.

v)  Nations also supported for finding the solutions for disputes between Israel and Palestinian under the UNSC  resolution, the Madrid Principles, Arab peace initiatives and previous agreements between the two nations.

vi)  BRICS nations expressed deep concern over the security challenges in Afghanistan and supported the efforts of the Afghan lead counter terrorism operations.

vii)   Nations ensured that by the help of National Development Bank the development projects of member nations get completed.

viii)  Nations also supported the importance of taking strict action against terrorist organisations like ISIS and Jamat al Nusra.

INDIA'S SHOPPING-

During the BRICS summit Russia agreed to sell S 400 air defense system to India for 39 thousand crore Rupees. 

Russia will also give 4 warships to India out of which two will be made in India under Make in India initiative. 

Apart from these India is also purchasing 200 light utility helicopters from Russia worth rupees 6,680 crore, 60 helicopters will be send directly from Russia and the remaining will  be made in India by the help of Russia. 

Things that are not added in the declaration- 

• The declaration didn't talk about the terroist groups like Jes e Mohammad and Lashkar e Taiba.

• The declaration supports the peaceful way of finding the solution of Israel and Palestine but Kashmir and Balochistaan issue is also not covered in the declaration. 

• No view over the Pakistan occupied Kashmir, 

• Crises in middle east and north Africa is mentioned in the declaration but the terrorism and violation of cease fires across LoC is not mentioned

UNIFORM CIVIL CODE

Now a days if any common news is coming on all the news channels is about the implementation of Uniform Civil Code in India. In printed media also daily at least an article is coming related to this. Majority of people are supporting the campaign of One Nation One Law, where as there are some people who are opposing this by considering it against the personal laws and countries unity. But how this all started, is this demand has been raised for the first time? Do we really need a Uniform Civil Code to maintain the integrity of our nation or Is it really against the minority classes of our country. Lets find out-

ORIGIN-

UCC is not the invention of the present ruling government. Arrangement for UCC has been clearly given in the article 44 of the Indian Constitution. The bill for UCC was discussed in the Parliament during 1949 and in between 1951 and 1954. Pt. Nehru ji was in support of this bill but as he was not able to convince other members this bill was placed under the Directed Principles of State Policy. Under DPSP the laws are placed as an ideal and it is not mandatory for the states to implement the complete law as it is mentioned due to which several personal law boards were established.

ONE NATION ONE LAW-

If the UCC is adopted by the Govt. of India there will be only one law applicable on all the citizens of India irrespective to there religion, caste and community and the issues like marriage, divorce, adaptation etc will come under the umbrella of single law.

The reason given by the people supporting this is that UCC will ensure equal rights and its protection on all the citizens whereas people opposing it are in support that India is a country of diversity and imposing UCC will cause danger to its integrity.

Let us understood it with some examples, in the current system a Hindu woman can drag her husband into court if he elopes with another woman but on the other hand a Muslim woman don't have such rights. The triple talaqkh system in the Muslim community is also inviting controversy as it is being misused by some people like giving divorce over social media or over telephonic conversation which is clearly unnatural.

 Even SC in various hearings has indicated that this country required a strong common law of its citizens.

Landmark Cases-

1. The Supreme Court first directed the Parliament to frame a UCC in 1985 in the case of Mohammad Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum. In this case, a penurious Muslim woman claimed for maintenance from her husband under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, after she was given triple talaq from him. The SC held that a Muslim woman has a right to get maintenance from her husband under Section 125.

2. The second instance in which the SC again directed the government of Article 44 was in the case of Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India. In this case, the question was whether a Hindu husband, married under the Hindu law, by embracing Islam, can solemnize second marriage. The Court held that a Hindu marriage solemnized under the Hindu law can only be dissolved on any of the grounds specified under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. Conversion to Islam and marrying again would not, by itself, dissolve the Hindu marriage under the Act. And thus, a second marriage solemnized after converting to Islam would be an offence under Section 494[5] of the Indian Penal Code. 

BOYCOTTING CHINESE PRODUCT

BOYCOTTING CHINESE PRODUCT

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After the ongoing tension between India and Pakistan after the terrorist attack on the Uri army base and cross LOC surgical strikes China selected to take Pakistan's favor and block India's bid to designate Jash-e-Mohammad chief Masood Azhar as a terrorist in the United Nation the demand for ban on Chinese product has been started in India. This is not the first time when these types of demands came forward in India. Same condition happened in past after China blocks India's entry to the Nuclear Supplier Group and these messages are always viral over the whatsapp and facebook almost once in a year especially during festive seasons when the demand of cheap Chinese product reaches its top.

But this time people of our country are really serious and not only comman man but several politicians has also joined this campaign. Haryana Sports Minister Anil Vij has appealed "people should not use Chinese product and purchase only Indian goods. China is not our friend and the money taken from India is used to buy weapons that are used against us and we should focus on Make in India". BJP national general secretary Kailash Vijayvargiya has also tweeted that buying chinese product is like indirectly supporting terrorist country.

But is it really possible to completely stop trade with China as told in viral messages. Well the answer is "NO". We can reduce our import from China by improving us but we cant completely stop it, atleast at this time. During 2010-11 India's 10th part of the import was from China which has risen to 6th part in present, where as the export from our country has reduced to half. The total value of export and import between both the countries is approx. 4.6 lakh crore.

The margin between the export and import is one of the biggest trade deflicits between the two nations.

India imports laptops, mobiles, fertilizers, power plants equipments, keyboards, displays, communication equipment and various drugs. The markets are full of Chinese products all the time either cheap lighting or toys people prefers to purchase them as they are cheap and more bright and beautiful in looks than the local products. India exports cotton, copper, industrial and petroleum machinery, India's export is very less in compare to the import. However India's import has fallen during last five years from 32 lakh crore to 25 lakh crore due to the fall of Global Oil prices. In the same course of time India's export has fallen from 86000 crore to 58000 crore.

Indian Prime Minister in 2015 has signed trade pacts worth $10 billion. According to Boston Consulting Group, India is reliant on China for about 90% of the raw materials required for its pharmaceutical industry.

SO WHAT IS THE SOLUTION

The above points clearly indicates that it is not possible to completely boycott the trade, but replacing them with indigenous products gradually is a possible solution.
However it completely depends on the Government to provide a sustainable environment where indigenous products get flourish properly. 

KUDANKULUM POWER STATION

KUDANKULUM POWER STATION

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In the present era where the energy demand is raising continuously day by day, it is now have became mandatory to be less reliable on fossil fuel. Renewable energy is a good option but due to its less efficiency and lack of modern technology in India, this option will take time to be successful.

The second and more efficient option is Nuclear energy as it is considered to be Clean energy as the carbon emission is almost negligible and the power production is also more for same amount of the fossil fuel.

In India the power generation from the Nuclear energy accounts only 3% which is a lot less than the other developed nations. The KUDANDULUM POWER STATION is a big step for India to raise its Nuclear energy capabilities.

ABOUT KUDAMKULUM

Kudamkulum power station, TamilNadu has been established by the help of India's most reliable friend Russia. Its total power generation capacity is 6800 MW. Two of its unit has been completed and one of which has started power production and the other is expected to start in 2017. It is a joint project of India's Nuclear power corporation of India Limited and Russia's ROSATOM.

It is considered to be the world's safest Nuclear power plant as it is capable of resisting natural disasters like Tsunami, earthquake, Hurricanes etc.

During the inauguration ceremony Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Russia's Vladimir Putin and Chief Minister of Tamilnadu Jayalalita congratulate each other through video conferencing.

HISTORY OF KUDAMKULUM

India and the Soviet Union signed for this project in 1988, India's then PM Rajiv Gandhi and Makhail Gorvachov signed the agreement. But due to the breaking down of Soviet Union the project got delayed and after a long period of time the construction begin in March 2002. This project gave a solid boost to India-Russia friendship.

WHY INDIA NEED NUCLEAR POWER

1. India is a raising economy and a raising economy is directly proportional to the energy
consumption and at present 72% of electricity is produced by coal.

2. India in the Paris Climate Summit has promised to reduce its carbon emission by 40% till 2030.

3. India's plan is to increase its electricity production through nuclear power to 10% by 2024.

For all this it is necessary for India to increase its nuclear energy power production and this is the responsibility of developed nations and Indian's alley to help India

INDUS WATER TREATY

INDUS WATER TREATY

After the attack on the Uri Army base, the demand of taking action against Pakistan is raising up. Apart from the suggestions of war circulated around the whatsapp and facebook many of us are in support of putting Political and Diplomatic pressure on Pakistan and one of which include the Indus water treaty signed between India and Pakistan in 1960.

ABOUT INDUS

Indus rises from the Mansarover lake which is in China occupied Tibet. The river from there flow to India with his four tributaries Ravi, Jhelum, Satluj, Beas and Chenab. From India the river goes to Pakistan and finally drains into Arabian sea near the port of Karachi in Sindh. It is the longest river of Pakistan. It flows 47% in Pak, 39% in Indian, 8% in China and 6% in Afganistan.

THE TREATY

Ravi, Beas and Sutlej are eastern river whereas Indus, Chenab and Jhelum are considered to be western rivers. India has the complete right over the eastern rivers and Pakistan has right over the western rivers however India can limited amount of water from western too for agriculture and electricity purpose.
But still 80% of water of all 6 rivers goes to Pakistan whereas Indian only use 20% of it.

In 1951 then Prime Minister of Indian Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru invited David Liliyanthal to India who at that time was writing articles on Indian subcontinents, after returning back to America he wrote an article on the dispute of Indus between India and Pakistan which was read by the world bank head Robert Black.

At starting world bank was just an adviser but from 1954 world bank started giving direct intrusion in this matter and in 1960 the treaty was finally signed. Hence this treaty becomes an international treaty as the world bank has also signed this treaty.

WHAT IF INDIAN BREAK THIS TREATY

1. As world bank has his influence on this treaty going against it will be like going against world bank and spoiling the Indian image as a lot of people are dependent on Indus in Pakistan. Indian not even broke the treaty during war with Pakistan except in 1948 ( that time treaty wasn't signed). This shows India's dedication towards the promise.

2. It requires number of canal and dams to build across the river if we want to stop its water to go to Pakistan which requires time and money both because at present India don't have much provision for this. Water in Indian territory may cause flood like situation if we really stop or deviate the flow.

At last almost 30 crore of population depends upon the Indus and there is no tap on the river to stop its flow towards Pakistan. So completely stopping the water to Pakistan is a solution but not a perfect solution.

CAUVERY WATER DISPUTE

CAUVERY WATER DISPUTE

The Cauvery is a large Indian river. The origin of the river is at Talakaveri, Kodagu in Karnataka, flows generally south and east through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and across the southern Deccan plateau through the southeastern lowlands, emptying into the Bay of Bengal through two principal mouths in Poompuhar, Tamilnadu.

The matter of distribution of water of Cauvery between the TamilNadu and Karnatka is almost 135 year old. During British time the Karnatka was the part of Princely state of Mysore, whereas the TamilNadu was the part of Madras Presidency.

In 1910 the King of Mysore Raja Nalwadi Krishnaraja Vodiya with the help of chief Engineer Sir

M. Visvesvaraya wanted to build a dam across the river. But it never happened.

A treaty was signed betweeen both the states in 1924, which didn't work for long.As after

the state reorganization in 1956 the matter of water start catching fire a Fact Finding Committee

was formed and later a tribunal in 1990 was formed which after 16 years gave his decision in 

2007 that the treaty of 1924 was according to law and for society good and told it will be justify

to give 37% water to Karnatka, 58% water to TamilNadu, 4% to kerala and 1% to puducheery

but the states never came together on this decision.

Whenever the Monsoon is weak in these states specially the parts which are more dependant 

on Cauvery Water the dispute starts to reach its peak.

It is very grievous to see two states fighting over water as it may harm the unity of the country

but it is also true that there is a need of a proper and strong water managment committee

in India which can stop these issues in future.